By Dr Nur Shams Bin Mohd Ali, Consultant General Surgeon, Hospital Seri Botani
Colorectal cancer, which affects the large intestine or rectum, is one of the most common cancers worldwide, yet it is also one of the most preventable. Globally, it ranks among the top three most common cancers, and in many countries, including Malaysia, it is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. What makes this concerning is that colorectal cancer often develops silently, with little to no symptoms in its early stages.
The encouraging news is that this cancer usually begins as small, non-cancerous growths called polyps. Over time, some of these polyps can turn into cancer. This process often takes 5 to 10 years, providing a valuable window of opportunity to detect and remove them early before they become harmful.
This is where colonoscopy plays a lifesaving role. A colonoscopy is a procedure where a doctor uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera to examine the inside of the colon. It is usually done under sedation, so patients remain comfortable throughout. During the procedure, doctors can not only detect polyps but also remove them immediately.
The impact of colonoscopy is significant. Studies show that regular screening colonoscopy can reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer by up to 60 to 70 percent. It can also reduce deaths from colorectal cancer by more than 50 percent. When detected early, the survival rate is very high, with more than 90 percent of patients living beyond 5 years. Unfortunately, if the cancer is found at a later stage, survival rates drop significantly.
In simple terms, colonoscopy is not just a test. It is a powerful tool for prevention. It helps detect problems early, allows immediate treatment, and ultimately saves lives. For adults, especially those aged 45 and above or with risk factors, getting screened can make a crucial difference.
